An Establishing Shot is typically a long shot, usually at the beginning of a scene, which establishes the place, time and other important elements of the following action.  One of the all time “longest” and greatest opening “Establishing Shots” is in Orson Well’s film noir classic, “Touch of Evil.” The filming of the long, single “un-cut” tracking shot opening sequence had so many retakes; it took all night long to get it right.  In fact, it took so long that the sequence used in the film was the last chance they had that night; as the first light of the breaking dawn is visible in the background.  The small town Mexican Border Crossing was actually filmed at the intersection of Windward & Speedway in Venice, California… a beach community in Los Angeles. 

Usage

Establishing Shots at the beginning of films usually show sweeping shots across cities or landscapes. This will usually give the audience a frame of reference regarding location and time period. Establishing shots used throughout the film aren't usually as dramatic. They might show the front of house or store or school. Something on a smaller scale so as not to disrupt the original setting.

If your storyline is traveling to very different locations on a more specific geographical scale then larger Establishing Shots are warranted.

Example

FADE IN

EXT CALIFORNIA COASTLINE  (1579) - DAY

FADE IN on the side of an anchored sixteenth century sailing ship rocking calmly to the motion of the sea. Sailors are performing various tasks aboard the ship. Land is seen in the distance.